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Learning German Adjectives and Colors

Learning German Adjectives and Colors German descriptive words, similar to English ones, typically go before the thing they change: derÂ...

Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Pygmalion. Diary entries for Higgins and Eliza

Stage 1: Eliza's diary Today it was raining and we all had to take shelter in Covent Garden. I met a young and sweet man named Freddy and he was sweet and kind. I met military gentlemen named Colonel Pickering and he was a real gentleman. I tried to sell him some flowers but he did not want them and told me in a polite and gentlemanly way but he did give me three hapence. Anyway, that's better than nothing. Suddenly a young man a stranger said to me â€Å"there's a bloke over there taking down every blessed word your saying† I turned round and looked at him and said † I'm a good girl I am† . I thought he was a Police informer until a man shouted out † He's a busybody, that's what he is, look at his boots.† Then the note-taker told him he was from Selsey and everyone was amazed and he knew where everyone was from it was as if he was trying to impress everybody and he knew what road they lived on. I later found out that this note-takers name was Higgins and I realised he was a snob. He was very cheeky and did not have very good manners. He insults be by calling me a â€Å"creature† and he called me a â€Å"gutter-snipe† and â€Å"a squashed cabbage leaf† and I don't even like cabbage. He was very rude towards me and did not show respect. He said that I couldn't speak English and he had a very posh accent and spoke perfect English. I overheard him talking to Pickering saying how he could pass me off as a duchess. I was quite shocked me a duchess (never in a million years). I tried to sell him some flowers and he threw me a handful of money. I had ridden in a taxi for the first time when I returned home. Stage1: Higgins diary Today I was in Covent Garden listening to the different accents and making notes. They all thought I was a Police informer and it was quite difficult explain to them because most of them could not understand proper English. I met a true cockney creature today and she was a flower girl. She spoke so much rubbish it was very difficult to understand her and she always made these horrible noises. I called her a â€Å"gutter snipe† and a â€Å"squashed cabbage leaf† I was referring to her brain but of course she did not understand. I began talking to Colonel Pickering and I said to him that I could pass this creature as a duchess. Colonel Pickering was quite an interesting man I told him that he was from Cambridge, Harrow and had traveled India. I was going to go to India to meet him but I was quite lucky to meet him here. I took Pickering to dinner and we had an interesting conversation. Stage2: Eliza's diary Today I went to see that heartless stubborn snob Higgins. I dressed up well and asked him if he could teach me some English. I had overhead him talking to Pickering how you can become everything with your pronunciation. When I asked him he made fun of me and treated me like an object or as dirt on his shoe where as Pickering treated me as a lady and I meant something to him. I offered to pay 2/5 of my wages towards lessons. Higgins offered me a room in his house and I agreed to live in his bungalow. The housekeeper Mrs. Perch reluctantly agreed to me staying. She made me do a dreadful thing she made me have a bath in warm water. Also they made me wear nightdress when I went to sleep I normally slept in my underclothes and I slept in a luxurious room. It made me quite angry and I started to cry. Stage 2: Higgins diary Today that â€Å"bilious pigeon† Eliza came to see me. I joked around with her at first and I asked for sixty pounds (what a joke from a creature in the gutter). She offered to pay me 2/5 of her wages but I knew this was too much. I betted with Colonel Pickering that I could experiment with the girl and pass her off as a duchess. Mrs. Pearce asked me to be nice to the creature but it is hard to be nice to an object. Also today another common-breed (guttersnipe) it was Eliza's father. He had come for money I could see it but reluctantly I gave him five pounds. He had referred to himself as the â€Å"undeserving poor† and I show great respect to people who admit they are poor. I was quite impressed with Mr. Alfred Dolittle (dustbin man). He was quite happy with his money and in sent him on his way. Stage 3: Eliza's diary I went to see Higgins's mum today (sorry mother. There were guests at her house; there was sweet Freddy, Clara and her mother Mrs. Eynsford Hill. I was quite beautifully dressed no one hardly recognised me. According to Higgins I was talking the new â€Å"small talk† or new slang. That sweet Freddy seemed quite attracted to me and I was quite flattered by this. I did make a slip of the tongue because I said â€Å"bloody hell†. Higgins seemed slightly disappointed with me but I thought I did quite well for my first test. Stage 3: Higgins diary Today I took Eliza to my mothers' house. This was to try her out in society. I knew that the guests that were there elza had met before and I wanted to see if they recognised the transformation of Eliza and it seemed they were impressed. One thing that I realised today was that Eliza now knows how to speak but not what to say. Her grammar is incorrect and she uses her vocabulary as the subject matter of the street not as if she was talking in a high society. She uses an awful lot of slang words like â€Å"bloody† and â€Å"devil†. Also I am quite concerned about that witty creature Freddy he seemed to never stop looking at Eliza. Stage 4: Eliza's diary After the ambassadors reception Higgins Pickering and me were all very tired. I overheard Pickering and Higgins talking. Higgins referred to me as a â€Å"creature† and then said, â€Å"I made this thing† it was as if I was an object and an experiment or a bet. He said he was glad the whole scenario was over. Higgins was very rude and I lost my temper and he called me a â€Å"presumptuous insect†. I had had enough and I called him a â€Å"selfish brute†. He does not care me at all and my feelings. I am unfit for employment because I am too educated. He does not care about me and sees me as and experiment that has worked. I left the house and was planning to throw myself in the river because I was very depressed. I met lovesick Freddy and we went off in a taxi. Stage 4: Higgins diary Today I took Eliza to the Ambassadors reception to see if I could pass her off as a duchess. I had won the bet with Colonel Pickering and I was very happy. When we returned home that â€Å"squashed cabbage leaf† Eliza was very moody and stroppy. I was tired and was about to go to bed I said â€Å"Put out the lights Eliza and tell Mrs. Pearce not to make coffee. I'll take tea† I was looking for my slippers and suddenly she threw them at me. I thought what was up with that â€Å"presumptuous insect†. I was tired and was not in the mood for an argument. I tried to explain to her that I had given her every thing. She thinks that I am using her as an experiment which of I am not (It was only a joke†). She thought I was going to hit the â€Å"infamous creature†. I would not even hurt a fly. She has â€Å"wounded my heart†. She made me leave a note because she wasn't going to tell Mrs. Pearce. In a rage she stormed up the stairs and I decided to go to sleep. Stage 5: Retrospect Eliza's diary I think that if I had the chance to do it all again I probably would. I think that learning to speak proper English has improved my lifestyle. I have learnt how to speak proper English and I could get a good job and maybe be someone of High-class society, which obviously I am not. On the other hand maybe I was meant to be an â€Å"undeserving poor† and maybe I had to big ambitions. I should mix with people of my society and who understand me more. I should remember my roots. I was quite happy where I was and nobody laughed at me or made fun of me and treated me as equal as them. I think that I could have led a happy life even if I was poor. Also I think that Higgins should have made it clear that I was just an â€Å"experiment.† I think the biggest blow was Higgins being nasty and did not respect me and I was an â€Å"object†. What annoyed me the most was that at parties and receptions he could be a true gentlemen so if he can do that at parties then I should try to him respect me. Higgins does not see me as the â€Å"new† Eliza but as a â€Å"dirty flower girl† who has transformed due to his experiment. He thinks, † I am mutton dressed as lamb†. The adult Higgins actions are the same as a child. Looking back I think I would have done it all again but a few minor adjustments. I would have seen what sort of person Higgins really is and see if would like to be part of his experiment. All in all it did not cost me anything and I have learnt to speak proper English and Higgins only gained money. (He won his bet won Colonel Pickering) Higgins' diary I think that if I had the chance to do it all again I probably would not. Eliza is too moody and cannot fit into high-class society. England is full of people who can't speak proper English I would have picked someone quieter and someone who does not complain as much. Eliza must like me for who I am and if she does not like it then tough. I find it very had to talk to people from the gutter because they don't understand them and I try explaining to them to learn proper English. This experiment has helped me gain confidence that I could pass anyone as a duchess. All in all I would not do it all again with Eliza I would pick someone more suitable. There is plenty of the â€Å"gutter snipe breed†.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

A Comparative Essay Between 1984 and Brave New World Essay

It is interesting to note, before anything, the similarities between Brave New World and 1984. Firstly and rather obviously, they are both prophetic novels, they were both written in turbulent times, both suffering changes that could revert the future of the world. When 1984 was written, the world had just gotten out of a second war and the surprising rise of communism and their totalitarian government was frightening most of the western world. In George Orwell’s novel, the main concern seems to be the overtaking of a supreme, socialist totalitarian government/dictatorship. On the other hand, when Brave New World was written, the world had just been swept by a wave of mass production and consumerism, and that too is reflected in Aldous Huxley’s ultra-modern, test-tube baby, sleep-taught society. That is exactly what makes the two novels so alike and so different at the same time. To begin with both authors forecast a society of obedience and compliance, but on one hand, the Brave New World is also driven by consumerism and high advanced technology and drug abuse (soma, to ensure the happiness of the masses), † ‘Now- such is progress- the old men work, the old men copulate, the old men have no time, no leisure from pleasure, not a moment to sit down and think- or even by some unlucky chance such a crevice of time should yawn in the solid substance of their distractions, there is always some, delicious soma half a gramme for half a holiday [†¦] returning when they find themselves on the other side of the crevice, safe on the solid ground of daily labour and distraction†¦'†. Whilst 1984 is a bare, war stricken place with food rations and the like, â€Å"Outside, even through the shut window-pane, the world looked cold. Down the street little eddies of wind were whirling dust and torn papers into spirals, and though the sun was shinning and the sky was blue, there seemed to be no colour in anything, except in the posters that were plastered everywhere.† Both novels also similar in the aspect that most inhabitants do not seem to see a problem with the world they live in, most comply and obey, in Brave New World, most consume, but in both novels, there are the odd sheep. In Brave New World Bernard Marx, † ‘But he’s so ugly!’ [†¦] ‘And then so  small.’ Fanny rebels because he does not fit in made a grimace; smallness was so horribly and typically low-caste.† In 1984, Winston Smith rebels because he does not accept, â€Å"to the future or the past, to a time when thought is free, when men are different from one another and do not live alone- to a time when truth exists and what is done cannot be undone. From the age of uniformity, from the age of solitude, form the age of Big Brother, from the age of doublethink-â€Å". says Winston. Both novel seem to portray societies divided into castes, in 1984 there are three of them the ‘proles’, the ‘outer Party’ and the ‘inner Party’, the ‘proles’ are the uneducated masses, the ‘outer party’ are the medium working class, and the ‘inner party’ are the controllers. In Brave New World, the castes are a bit more literal, four in total, Alphas, intelligent and beautiful, have the high positions, Betas, not quite as ‘perfect’ as the Alphas, Gammas, part of the uneducated masses and finally Epsilons, similar in IQ to oysters, the workers and cleaners. Both novels can be regarded as ‘novels that changed history’, that is, when they were written it seemed that things were headed in the direction that both novels pointed out, and some people considered that it was the novels that ‘opened people’s eyes’ and showed them the way. However, many other people seemed to think that both were equally extreme to have actually concretized themselves.

Monday, July 29, 2019

African Poetry

It is a historical irony that the same language serves the African writer in voicing his thoughts and feelings to the world at large. While discussing the future of English, Simeon Porter observes, It will adopt to meet new needs and in that incessant reshaping and adaptation, every speaker and writer consciously or unconsciously will play some part. (181) Today, the prediction of Porter came true of African writing in English. It brought strength and appeal to the English language by adding a large range of new vocabulary and usage. Writing on the problems faced by the African English writers,  Chinua Achebe  the famous Nigerian writer says, The African writer should aim to use English that brings out his message without altering the language to the extent that its value as a medium of international exchange will be lost. He should aim at fashioning out an English, which is at once unusual and able to carry his peculiar experience. (61) It is applaudable that the writers of Africa succeeded in accomplishing the above task set by Achebe, which is by any means not an easy one. Their successful integration of native experience and expression in an alien tongue received worldwide acclaim. Their success proved, as critics like Srinivasa Iyengar pointed out, A shot in the arm of modern English Literature has had to come from West Africans like Amos Tutuola,  Wole Soyinka  and Gabriel Okara. (16) The role of poetry, in African literature, has been highly effective in providing the people with the needful inspiration and the necessary insight. The language of poetry, for the African people, is a source of learning and becoming aware of their destiny that necessitates the knowledge of their past, present and the possible future. These and several other ideas fuelled African poetry in English. For the African poets, poetry became a powerful medium through which they conveyed to the world audience, not only their despairs and hopes, the enthusiasm and empathy, the thrill of joy and the stab of pain but lso a nations history as it moved from freedom to slavery, from slavery to revolution, from revolution to independence and from independence to tasks of reconstruction which further involve situations of failure and disillusion. (Iyengar, 15) When we read African Literature, we should, by obligation remember that, colonization was at its harshest in Africa. As history stands proof, it was highly exploited and savaged by the ambitious white man. This experience is on the minds of all thinking poets. Despite getting uhuru or in dependence, the bitterness returns again and again. The unforgettable colonial past comes angrily alive in a poem by Kenyas poet Joseph Kareyaku thus, It is not as you suppose, your lands, your cars, your money, or your cities I covet It is what gores me most, that in my own house and in my very own home you should eye me and all thats mine with that practiced, long-drawn, insulting sneer. (quoted in Iyengar, 30) In a poem entitled If you want to know me Noemia De Sousa writes ruefully of Africa, by effectively using the literary device of personification thus: This is what I am mpty sockets despairing of possessing of life a mouth torn open in an anguished wound a body tattooed with wounds seen and unseen from the harsh whipstrokes of slavery tortured and magnificent proud and mysterious Africa from head to foot This is what I am. (Narasimhaiah, 137) The much-brutalized Dark Continent is tellingly depicted in the following lines of a poem named The Shapes of Fear by Richard Ntiru. Like an arrested breath when breathing makes silence imperfect and the ear cannot differentiate between the conspiratorial whispers and the winds singing. .. a twig in the courtyard snaps and report of a gun is understood. (Narasimhaiah, 137) Nigerian poet , the Nobel laureate Wole Soyinkas masterful irony skillfully conceals anger at the racist attitude in his famous poem, Telephone Converstion. After negotiating for a house on rent on telephone, he tells the landlady of his being a black African. He was rudely shocked when he was caught foully by the ladys query regarding his darkness thus: HOW DARK? I had not misheard Are you light OR VERY DARK (Narasimhaiah, 149) The ill- mannered silence between the two is filled with images such as stench of rancid breath of public- hide-and-speak, Red booth, Red- Pillar-box, Red double-tiered Omnibus squelching tar that subsume the age-old and still hopeless and violent colour- conflict. The theme of English superiority glares through David Rubadiris poem A Negro Labourer in Liverpool: Here his hope is the shovel And his fulfillment resignation. (Narasimhaiah, 134) One of the most important phases in African poetry is  Negritude, a powerful literary movement founded by Aime Cesaire of Senegal. Among other things, the Negritude poets favoured the theme of glorification of Africa. They worshipped anything African in scintillating rhymes. Anger at injustice meted out to the colonized Africa is also one of the oft-repeated themes of their poetry. Heres an example from David Diops poem Africa. Africa, my Africa Africa of proud warriors in ancestral savannahs. Is this you, this back that is bent This back that breaks under the weight of humiliation This back trembling with red scars And saying yes to the whip under the midday sun.. That is Africa your Africa That grows again patiently obstinately And its fruit gradually acquires The bitter taste of liberty. (Narasimhaiah, 153) Dennis Brutus, a South African poet, was subjected to torture by a cruel regime. His writing is full of images of love contrasted with images of death thus, Desolate Your face gleams up Beneath me in the dusk Abandoned A wounded dove Helpless Beneath the knife of love. (Quoted in Theroux, 2) Great feeling for Africa is felt in Abioseh Nicols poem The Meaning of Africa thus: Africa, you were once just a name to me So I came back ailing down the Guinea coast . You are not a country Africa, You are a concept I know now that is what you are Africa Happiness, contentment and fulfillment. (Quoted in Povey, 39) A poets affirmation of his love for Africa shines radiantly through the following verses. Dark Africa! My dawn is here; Behold! I see A rich warm glow in the East, And my day will soon be here. (Iyengar, 30) Deification of Africa is a fit topic for many African p oets. Perhaps this is their reaction to the self glorification and the civilizing zeal of the imperial powers of Europe. Bernard Dadies poem attains special significance viewed in that light. He says in a poem entitled I Thank God, I thank you God for creating me black. White is the colour for special occasions Black the colour for every day And I have carried the World since the dawn of time And my laugh over the World, through the night creates The Day. (Narasimhaiah, 122) In Africa, the advent of the white mans civilizing mission displaced scores of native societies from their own cultural roots. The impact of the spread of Christianity combined with material benefits such as classroom education and well-paid jobs forced many Africans abandon their own faith and adapt the religion of the pale-faced aliens. This situation is responsible for the natives to suffer from culture shock. Nevertheless, the native is expected to owe allegiance to his own tribal culture and embrace Christianity for material benefits. This cultural confusion is well articulated by Mabel Segun in a poem thus: Here we stand Infants overblown Poised between two civilizations Finding the balance irksome. (Quoted in Povey, 39) Gabriel Okara expresses the same sentiments in a lyric thus: When at break of day at a riverside I hear jungle drums Then I hear a wailing piano Solo speaking of complex ways. (Quoted in Gleason, 143) However, there are poets like Kofi Awoonor Williams of Ghana whose passion for past is expressed in his rediscovery themes with the help of extended rhythms as in the following lines. Sew the old days for us our fathers that we wear them under our old garments after we have washed ourselves.. ( The Anvil and the Hammer) gain, Sew the old days for me my father Sew them so that I may wear them For the feast that is coming. (Quoted in Theroux, 4) He accomplishes the same excellence of evolving extended rhythms in poems like The Long Journey and My Song. Poetic excellence and rare innovative creative ability are seen in  Christopher Okigbo  poems such as The Stars Have Departed. He says, The stars have departed The sky in a monocle Surveys the world under The stars have departed And I- Where am I? ? Stretch, stretch O antennae, To clutch at this hour, Fulfilling each movement in a Broken monody. (quoted in Walsh, 48) Images that can evoke a situation beyond hope which are reminiscent of Eliots war poetry are visible in the following verses from K. Brews poem The Search. The past is but the cinders Of the present The future The smoke That escaped Into the cloud- bound sky. (quoted in Walsh, 50) Some of the poets have realized the futility of fighting over issues such as race, respect and national identity. What more can be more illuminating than the enlightened poets words such as, You must leave the sifting sands of self- seeking and deceit nd erect far mightier mansions on the rock of healthy soil. (Iyengar, 36) Lenrie Peters poems are short on the print but deep on ones mind like the one cited below Open the gates To East and West Bring in all Thats good and best. The memorable lines of Peters poem On a wet September Morning with their sheer beauty of imagery and the underlying thought of universal brotherhood celebrate the oneness of the human family. To c ite a few verses, The echo burst in me Like a great harmonic chord- Violins of love and happy voices The pagan trumpet blast Swamping the lamentation of the horn Then the heraldic drums In slow crescendo rising Crashed though my senses Into a new present Which is the future. After this brief glance at African poetry, we realize that it is not simply an offshoot of British literary tradition. Despite the many disadvantages such as a scarred past, colonial trauma, expression in a foreign medium, inability to travel abroad, unstable economic and political state of affairs in their respective nations, lack of educational opportunities, the African poet has effortless creative capacity. It is an enriching combination of rich oral literature, native experience and imported tradition of writing in English that made African poetry a tremendous success both at home and abroad. The Black Orpheus (African Poets) is no longer an unknown or an unwanted quantity but a fascinating and often enviable and beneficent literary marvel from what was ignorantly termed as the dark continent.

Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances between the Executive and Term Paper

Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances between the Executive and Judicial Branch - Term Paper Example It will be argued that while there are some limitations in the Executive/Judiciary relation, these limitations are also anticipated and addressed by further checks and balances. The roots of the balance of powers, lies with the American father's concern with factionalism. The Federalist papers, which numbered eighty-five, were written as theoretical defense's of the amendments to the Constitution, and they represent the justification for the notion of a 'balance of powers'. Federalist paper number ten specifically deals with the question of "factions", and was written by James Madison (Epstein 102). The most concise definition of a faction, might be phrased as a group with a central and discernible purpose, who are perceived to threaten the structures and powers of that which is protected or enshrined in the Constitution. In particular, the largest threat is articulated in terms of the potential dangers of those who advocate the "abolition of debts, for an equal division of property, or for any other improper or wicked project" [Boller 71], which is what he describes as the "most common and durable source" of factions [Boller 69]. Because Madison thinks liberty ought to be protected, and because he claims that dissension is "sown in the nature of man" [Boller 69]-- that is, people who are contrary will always exist, Madison advocates that one cannot remove the "causes", but instead one can only "control the effects" [Boller 70]. That is, if the causes are liberty and one does not want to remove liberty, then, one cannot control the causes. And, if dissension or difference is natural in humans, and one cannot remove an aspect of human nature, then, one cannot in this sense remove this causal aspect either. By a Republic as opposed to a democracy, Madison simply implies that representatives of the people as opposed to the people themselves are those who control the political spectrum. And, as representatives he claims that these figures will (in theory) be those who embody "wisdom", "patriotism", and a "love of justice" [Boller 70]. The American form of government is that of a ‘republic’, and it is the principal means by which the constitutional fathers thought that single factions could be challenged. This is marked by a number of variables which are written into the American Constitution which ensures the ‘Balance of Powers’. In brief, the balance is broken down into the ‘executive’, ‘legislative’ and ‘judicial’ branches [Woll 4]. And, there is a balance between these branches with respect to passing or accepting legislative bills. In the United States, the President and every member of both houses is elected for a fixed term: the President for four years, the senators for six (one-third retiring every two years), the members of the House of Representatives for two [Schmidt, Shelley Bards and Ford 68]. The only way to get rid of a president before the end of the four-year te rm is to impeach him (her), which is very hard to do, and has never been done and only twice even attempted. As the President, the senators and the representatives are elected for different periods, it can happen, and often does, that the President belongs to one party while the opposing party has a majority in either the Senate or the House of Representatives or both. So for years on end, the President may find his (her)

Sunday, July 28, 2019

The Great Pablo Picasso Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Great Pablo Picasso - Research Paper Example The paper "The Great Pablo Picasso" discovers his incredible art and shows some facts from life of the famous artist. His mother was Doà ±a Maria Picasso y Lopez and his father was Don Jose Ruiz Blasco, a painter and art teacher. He was obviously influenced and basically trained by his father and he was known to have entered the School of Fine Arts in Barcelona when his family moved there when he was just fourteen years old. Although he was way too young, he was accepted in the school because of an evidence of a real talent however, he proved to be a genius who easily gets bored with the norms so that he rather became infamous in school, skipping classes only to go out to his neighborhood and delve into the real thing. The same happened when he transferred to the Royal Academy of San Fernando in Madrid two years later so that in 1899, as he went around finding the satisfaction he was looking for in expressing himself, he was introduced to El Quatro Gats, The Four Cats, a group of ar tists which became his inspiration for change. Probably one of the reasons that count Picasso among the greats is his experimentation and adaptation of different and thriving types of art throughout his lifetime. As he was trained by his artist father, his first unpublished works were of Renaissance quality to which he referred to in one of his comments when he was passing by children during his old age, â€Å"When I was as old as these children, I could draw like Raphael, but it took me a lifetime to learn to draw like them†.... Most of Picasso’s subjects during this period are about poverty, isolation and anguish, strengthened probably by his feelings when he lost a dear friend to death (bio.com). This probably explains also the use of the color as blue represents a gloomy mood. Another painting known during this period is ‘The Old Guitarist’ which pictures an old man playing with his guitar. What is eye-catching in this portrait is the loneliness that is expressed by the man, with his head bent, seemingly more concentrated on his feelings than his guitar. The man could be said to be poor as seen by his clothe which is a one piece, long, worn and torn shirt. This depicts poverty and the hardships that go with it. Perhaps the most talked about work during the Blue Period is ‘La Vie’ because it spurred rumors that the subject is Picasso’s friend who committed suicide when he was rejected by his lover (de Kooning). ‘La Vie’ pictures three adults and a baby. The two figures on the left are obviously lovers, naked and holding each other as they seem to be confronted by a fully dressed woman holding a baby. Behind them are portraits of nude images that probably help to tell the story more clearly. Although several interpretations were suggested by art critiques, Picasso himself never offered his own interpretations so that the painter’s reactions add to the mystery and popularity of the painting. As expected, blue is the dominant color, ranging from very light hues to darker ones where the darkest color almost reveals a black tint seen especially on the clothes of the woman holding the baby. When Picasso met Fernande Olivier, a model to whom he fell in love with, Picasso’s

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Anna in the tropics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Anna in the tropics - Essay Example This production response focuses of analyzing the themes, characters, subject evaluation, plot of the play, and recommendation. Story (plot description) Santiago’s cigar factory is among the famous Ybor city factories of the year 1929 and the factory is experiencing modernization with new technology posing an effect of replacing the current Cuban workers (Cruz 2010, p.5). At the beginning of the play, Santiago involves himself in a bet and finally loses his money, while his daughters and wife wait for Juan Julian arrival to read aloud to the employees. He chooses â€Å"Anna Karenina†, Tolstoy’s novel as his first choice for the workers. The women seem to be interested with the novel but Cheche and Santiago’s stepbrother seem less enthused. As the lector reads the novel deeper, those who are listening to the story also remain attentive (Cruz 2010, p.10). However, Cheche is not at all concentrating with the lector’s story, and strives to transform the entire factory. During the new cigar brand inauguration, all workers throw a party to celebrate the implementation of the new cigar that will improve their success although Cheche is highly frustrated (Cruz 2010, p.12). Character Santiago- Santiago is the cigar factory owner. Being overwhelmed with gambling troubles, he struggles a lot to ensure that his wife and two daughters receive maximum protection and provision. He also defends the nature of Cuban worker’s tradition in his cigar factory. His character trait depicts that one should be active enough to ensure good care of his family and defend his or her idea (Bryer & Hartig 2010, p.32). Anna’s husband- Anna’s husband, Karenin is a man of influence, riches, and has a good social character that at first seems to be naive about his wife’s friendship with Vronsky. After realizing the affair between his wife and Vronsky, he finds ways on how to comport himself for he tries as much to avoid scandals at an y cost. The character aspect with Karenin is that it is good to avoid scandals since they can be costly to one’s life (Maufort 2010, P. 134). Cheche- Cheche is the Santiago’s stepbrother who claims for partial ownership of the factory because of his wager winning. Ever since his wife left him for the lector’s, he remains to be dangerous to the rest of workers due to the bitterness. Cheche is highly interested in modernizing the factory operations and shows no interest with the new lector’s stories (Maufort 2010, P. 134). Ideas (the major themes of the play) One of the main themes portrayed in the play is that of violence versus reason. The first scene of the play shows a contrast of two life approaches, one reasoned and the other violent (Maufort 2010, P. 133). The play portrays violent by the cockfighting savage game, which suggests that cunning, skill, and might, will constantly win. Although Cheche depicts to be a cautious person, when it is time for g ambling, he insists the notion that physical control will triumph following reason’s failure to persuade (Maufort 2010, P. 133). For instance, Cheche takes Marela forcibly when she decides to pay no attention to his innuendo and lurid glances. On the other hand, Ofelia and Santiago do not support the idea of automating the factory because this will displace workers (Maufort 2010, P. 136). The two employ sounds reasons to support their decisions although they are

Friday, July 26, 2019

Resolving Performance Problems with the Network Essay

Resolving Performance Problems with the Network - Essay Example In addition, the paper will make necessary assumptions, draw the appropriate printer topology, and propose the best network connection in the company. With all honesty, most printers with low-performance rates print files slowly. Sometimes, windows may send requests to the wrong printer. Such issues commonly occur in companies that work in large stores such as XYZ Inc. Moreover, some manufacturers happen to supply very spotty and light printers with horizontal lines. Other printer devices may send false messages considering the level of ink in their cartridges. Most likely, XYZ Inc could not have provided an interface to enable customers print their files from their mobile devices to the company’s printers. Other assumptions may include expenses involved in printing files, lousy output files, production of paper jams, and the breakdown of multifunction printer (MFP). According to Hoffman (2013), there exist several ways of solving common printer problems. For instance, administrators should ensure proper connection of all printers to the servers. The administrators need to install the printer driver and software on the printer that a client needs to use. In the case of a low-ink warning, a technical representative should not rush to replace the cartridge because some printers send false signals. Instead, the person in control should continue running the printer until the output degrades. Besides, administrators should install Wi-Fi printers to enable by using third-party apps that provide a wide range of printing options. The topology of a printer network depends on the volume of data or allowable bandwidth transferred across a given network. On the other hand, the topology influences the speed and efficiency of data transfer across the network. XYZ Inc should implement the Bus Topology for its printer network. To illustrate, clients can send request messages to one terminal on the entire network. Therefore, none of the terminals gets affected should

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Project study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Project study - Essay Example The tourism and leisure sector has hugely varied career opportunities, ranging from management of hotels or sports centres, to managing logistics for exhibitions and organising holiday adventures. University courses in Tourism and Leisure Management are diverse, which allows the student to learn and master different professional skills required for future success in tourism and leisure careers (ljmu.ac.uk, 2015: p1). Moreover, the course helps the student gain relevant, specialised practical experience and knowledge. One aspect that is common for all tourism and leisure careers is the focus on people, customer service, and hospitality (ljmu.ac.uk, 2015: p1). This means that there is a need for successful students to effectively communicate with diverse individuals, while also handling different challenges and tasks and deriving pleasure from ensuring others have a good experience. These are some of the main reasons why I want to study Tourism and Leisure Management. Tourism is one of the business world’s fastest growing sectors and I believe that taking this course will provide a solid grounding in practice and theory of tourism management, while also preparing me for a successful career in the leisure and tourism industry. In addition, this course, with its industry-specific modules (ljmu.ac.uk, 2015: p1), should aid me in developing an array of business skills that can be applied to the broader commercial market. The Tourism and Leisure Management course at Liverpool John Moores University was recently ranked in the national top 10% for universities offering the same course (ljmu.ac.uk, 2015: p1). Moreover, its linkages local museums, the Mersey Partnership, tourism and leisure facilities, and transport companies provides a good environment for practical learning. The Liverpool Hope University has similar benefits, although its linkages are not as appropriate or broad as those at Liverpool John Moores

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Third World and Climate Change Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Third World and Climate Change - Research Paper Example The principal way in which humans are understood to be affecting the climate is through the release of heat-trapping greenhouse gases into the air† (‘What is Climate Change’, 2010). As the environment is mostly affected by climate change, agriculture is facing an unknown future due to the increased rivalry for land, water, and labor from non-agricultural sectors and also increasing climatic unpredictability. The latter is connected with global warming and will result in significant seasonal/annual unpredictability in food production. All agricultural products are susceptible to droughts, floods, tropical cyclones, heavy precipitation events, and heat waves. These are known to have an impact on agricultural products and farmers’ livelihoods. Kumar et al. (2011) assert: â€Å"It has been projected by the recent report of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and a few other global studies that unless we adopt, there is a probability of 10–40% loss in crop production in India by 2080–2100 due to global warming, despite beneficial aspects of increased CO2†. Agriculture and grazing currently occupy 40 percent of the earth’s land surface. Mendelsohn and Dinar (2009: 544) make the argument that â€Å"agriculture is responsible for six percent of the world’s GDP†. In many developing countries, agriculture is the most important sector of the economy and is the prime source of livelihood for about 70 percent of rural residents. Climate change has an effect on farmers all over the world because it affects both crops and farm animals in different ways, either directly or indirectly. On the other hand, there are adequate facts to expect that climate change will affect agricultural productivity. Mendelsohn and Dinar (2009: 546) further assert:   

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Core Values in International Relations and Their Application in the Essay

Core Values in International Relations and Their Application in the Kigndom of Saudi Arabia - Essay Example The researcher states that international relations can be referred to the field of public policy and academy, which in this case, can be normative or positive. This field makes an analysis and formulation of different foreign policies for various countries. Being a political activity, the practice traces its origin back to the times of Thucydides, a Greek historian (460-395 BC). At the beginning go of the 20th century, international relations became an important and discrete academic sector in political science. In general, it is important to realize that international relations have become an important interdisciplinary field that people go to study in colleges, universities and other institutions of higher learning. Apart from the field of political science, international relations derive its intellectual materials from various other fields like history, technology, philosophy, geography and international law among many others. The particular scope of the field of international rel ations understands such issues as ecological sustainability, nuclear proliferation, nationalism, international security, human rights among other important fields. International relations traces its history from many centuries ago; for instance, Buzan and Little Richard are believed to have considered the interactions in many of the ancient city-states of Sumeria as a form of fully-fledged and operational international relations. These interactions are believed to have started taking place around 3500 BC. When based on sovereign states, the history regarding international relations can be followed back to the time of Westphalia in 1648. During this time, it is believed that the development of international relations was a major stepping-stone towards the development of the current state systems. Before this particular development, organizations in political authorities in the European medieval period were depended on some kind of vaguely developed hierarchical religious orders.

How the Macroeconomic Environment Affects Human Resource Essay Example for Free

How the Macroeconomic Environment Affects Human Resource Essay A microenvironment is simply a small environment within the operations of a business in which there are specialized features that make environment different from other business environments. In essence, it is the nearby and surrounding factors that affect and determine this environment. These factors affect the ability of the company in terms of service provision. As a matter of fact, it affects the supplies of the company, marketing strategies, marketing intermediaries, public relations and general company operations. Generally, a business microenvironment refers to the factors or elements within a particular organization and its immediate area of operations that in one way or another, has an effect on the performance of the company as well as the decision making processes of the company or business. CITATION Cal14 l 1033 (Monroe 2014)These elements are among the general public, since they form the bulk of the market, the channels of distribution among others. At the end of the day, this environment is of much importance to the success of a business. This paper gives an in-depth analysis of the microenvironments and macro environments of supermarkets as well as mobile companies thereby giving the empirical and theoretical relationships between the performance and of these business organizations as compared to their environments. The best strategy of analyzing the microenvironment of a business organization is through the SWOT technique in which one analyzes the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats within the company. CITATION Sub07 l 1033 (Subrata Ghatak 2007)The Strengths of a Company greatly determine the success of business organizations. The strength of a business organization can be measured in terms of; technological advancements, economies of scale as well as the availability of resources. The technology of a mobile company determines the amount of their sales. For instance, high levels of technology for a mobile company would reduce the cost of production that a company incurs. Decrease in cost of production simply implies that the company makes super normal profits, that is, profits greater than zero. Technology therefore plays a very key role. Economies of Scale have the same effect as well. Economies of scale simply imply to the company’s or supermarket’s market base. Companies that enjoy economies of scale lower their cost of production, thereby increasing their profit margins. Resource availability is also equally important. As a matter of fact, the importance of availability of resources to any business organization can never be underestimated. Resource availability is could imply human, natural or financial resource. All these are the drivers of the business, both in a mobile company as well as for supermarkets. CIT ATION Arv l 1033 (Arvil Van Adams n.d.)The weaknesses within an organization also determine its level of performance to a very large extent. What matters at the end of the day is how the supermarket or mobile company in question addresses the weakness that it faces in terms of operation. The most common weaknesses in either of these two enterprises are in terms of the prices, globalization and marketing. For mobile companies for instance, it is very difficult to come up with price floors owing to the products they produce. Generally, mobile phones are relatively expensive. As such, they are not the easiest products to market. Globalization on the other hand, is important since it determines the market base and network of a business. Most mobile companies have done tremendously well in this particular area. CITATION Sub07 l 1033 (Subrata Ghatak 2007)Opportunities and Threats play a very crucial role in the microenvironment of a business organization. They either make or break the org anization. The opportunities of supermarkets and mobile companies most of the time come as a result of collaboration. For instance, supermarkets can collaborate with the companies that they sell their products. It is through such strategies that supermarkets can easily give their clients discounts and offers. Discounts and offers are simply marketing strategies in which business organizations attract their customers. Mobile companies, on the other hand, can take advantage of their opportunities through collaboration with other electronic companies. For instance, they could collaborate with network service providers and as such use this platform to market their products. It is very important therefore, for a company to take advantage of whatsoever opportunity that comes their way. CITATION Les12 l 1033 (Leslie Hamilton 2012)A threat is another factor that is prevalent in the microeconomic environment of a business. There are various forms of threats that can affect the performance of a business. Threats may result from social, political or economic sources. However, common threats that mobile companies and supermarkets face are in relation to risks and uncertainties. Risks and uncertainties face almost every business and they could be in terms of price fluctuations, the risk of a technology becoming obsolete, market variations and so on. Competition is another threat that mobile companies as well as supermarkets have to deal with. It is a challenge that also comes an opportunity. Competition encourages organizations to come up with more advanced forms of technology for instance of mobile companies. Supermarkets, on the other hand, experience a lot of competition due to the homogeneity of products. CITATION Les12 l 1033 (Leslie Hamilton 2012)The next part of the paper gives an insight on the macroeconomic market. This market environment deals with broader economic issues such as inflation, unemployment, national income and GDP. The Pestel model is the best analy sis to use so as to examine this economic environment. The Pestel assessment basically deals with the political environment, the environmental environment, the social, technological, economic and finally the legal environment that surrounds an organization. Basically, a macro environment defines the conditions that exist in the whole economy as opposed to particular sections or regions in the economy. As such, this environment follows up the trends in the GDP market, monetary policies, fiscal policies, level of spending as well as employment. CITATION Dee06 l 1033 (Deepashree 2006) The political environment generally deals with the political factors that affect the performance of a business. Political factors, more often than not, come with policies. The fiscal and monetary policies for instance, affect businesses to a great deal. This depends on whether they are expansionary or contractionary. The government of a country has control of most businesses. Another way through which pol itical factors affect businesses is through the political environment of a country, that is, whether the political temperatures are favorable for investment. Political instabilities in a country greatly discourage investment. This affects both mobile companies and supermarkets since it raises the question of globalization. With high political temperatures, it becomes very difficult to explore global markets. CITATION Arv l 1033 (Arvil Van Adams n.d.)The environment, on its own affects the performance of a business. The environment of a business is basically determined by the climatic conditions. The climate, or weather, in this case, will mostly affect a supermarket. As a matter of fact, there are goods whose demand rises with temperature. Such goods are among electronic fans. Supermarkets are bound to experience increase in sale of such product in the hot weather. On the other hand, there are other products such as umbrellas whose demand is bound to increase with the onset of cold weather. As such, though to a small extent, environmental factors play a role as factors in the macroeconomic environment. CITATION Sub07 l 1033 (Subrata Ghatak 2007)Social and cultural factors have a major effect as elements in the macroeconomic environment. This segment affects the performance of a business through the traditions, customs and beliefs of a society. It also deals with the issue of aging. Aging has an indirect effect on the demand and supply of a commodity. For the working population, when they age, they are paid handsomely in terms of pension. As a result, most of them might tend to spend more on luxury goods. This is how mobile companies get to benefit. The general consumption for this proportion of population increases and as such, this also affects supermarkets. The beliefs and attitudes of a population also determine the consumption pattern through tastes and preferences. CITATION Cal14 l 1033 (Monroe 2014)Technological factors affect the operations and performa nce of a business to a very large extent. Technology has a direct effect on production costs. This is because high levels of technology imply less production costs. The relationship between technology and consumption is quite simple. Technology is a major factor of production, both for mobile companies and supermarkets. There is low demand of human resource with high levels of technology. This makes production relatively cheaper. The total cost of production reduces as well. The end result of this is that the profit margin increases. Technology may also become obsolete and this has a negative impact on the performance of the business. CITATION Les12 l 1033 (Leslie Hamilton 2012)Economic factors are the other factors that are prevalent in the macro environment of a business. Under this umbrella lie major issues to do with inflation, unemployment, GDP, Per Capita Income and many others. These factors generally create an economic environment and have the same effect on mobile companies and supermarkets depending on their degree of severity. A highly inflated economy means that the general price level of goods be it in supermarkets or from mobile phone companies. As a result, such an economy does not encourage investment by either of the two enterprises. CITATION Dee06 l 1033 (Deepashree 2006)Legal factors; these are legislations that affect the performance of a business. The quota system, for instance, is a legislation that affects the amount of imports. Narrowing down to mobile companies, they are affected by government policies to a very great extent. This is because their transactions mainly involve importation and exportation of products. Most governments have extremely stringent laws and regulations. Governments are often very strict especially with the quality of goods they import. Moreover, with respect to supermarkets, governments may have very strict regulations with regard to importation so as to promote local industries. Such issues affect the performa nce of companies to a very great extent. Taxes, which are stipulated by the government, are other pieces of legislation that both mobile companies and supermarkets have to come to terms with. From the above analysis, we can conclude that both the macro environment and the microenvironment have on the performance of a business, both positively. CITATION Arv l 1033 (Arvil Van Adams n.d.) References l 1033 Arvil Van Adams, ‎Robert S. Goldfarb, ‎Terence Kelly. How the Macroeconomic Environment Affects Human Resource. n.d. Deepashree. Microeconomic and Macroeconomic Environment. Tata McGraw Hill Education, 2006. Leslie Hamilton, ‎Philip Webster. International Business Environment. Oxford University Press, 2012. Monroe, Calvin. An Analysis of the UK Mobile Environment. GRIN Verlag, 2014. Subrata Ghatak, ‎Nige Healey, ‎Peter Jackson. The Macroecoomic Environment. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. Source document

Monday, July 22, 2019

Discuss the staging of Act 1 Scene 4 and Act 5 Scene 3 Essay Example for Free

Discuss the staging of Act 1 Scene 4 and Act 5 Scene 3 Essay Macbeth was written in 1606 for the current King James I. 1606 was in the Jacobean period, a time when people believed in the Divine Right of Kings. This is the belief that Kings were chosen by God. They also believed that the worst possible crime was to kill a King and this would result in being dammed to hell. They also believed in the Great Chain of Being, the importance of beings from highest to lowest. At the top was God and below him were the different positions held by Angels. Below Angels, the King was positioned above all other human beings. Because of this the King was given the title Gods Deputy On Earth. During the Jacobean period there was also a strong belief in witchcraft; this being present in the play greatly intrigued the audience. Act 1 scene 4 and act 5 scene 3 both show examples of Kingship. The Kingship shown in these two scenes are very different. In order to understand these differences we must focus on the way in which the scenes are staged and the audiences opinions generated by the script. Duncan is a very well respected and admired King. The people of Scotland admire and bow down to him, as they believe he is a good ruler. Duncan praises and rewards those who do well to him. He congratulates Macbeth in winning the battle against Norway and promotes him to Thane of Cawdor. Its ironic how Duncans two most trusted companions betray him. Macbeth had gained the title Thane of Cawdor off the previous traitor that turned against Duncan and fought for Norway. Duncan truly believes in loyalty and trust. This implies that Duncan is an extremely confident man. When he walks into a room, he knows people are watching him and this does not bother him. Macbeth rules very differently to Duncan. After killing Duncan, Macbeth begins to fear that this could easily happen to him. Macbeth does not praise those who do well, but punishes those who do bad or even nothing. If he feels they may be a threat to him he will immediately take action and eliminate them. Macbeth has no loyal friends, simply scared servants that do what they are commanded, fearing for their lives. The first scene shows Duncan as King surrounded by his loyal company, whereas the second scene shows Macbeth as King without the company of anyone except his servants which are treated with very little respect. In both of these acts the Kings are displayed in the same room of the castle. In act 1 scene 1, Duncan is informed about the death of Thane of Cawdor who is found to be a traitor and sentenced to death. The atmosphere presented is shameful but Duncan knows that the decision he made was right. In act 5 scene 3 Macbeth hears that the English army is heading for the castle. He also finds out the unstable condition of his wife. He jokes to the doctor and asks what the condition of the country is. The doctor replies very honestly saying that he would want to be as far away from Dunsinane as possible. In this scene Macbeth realizes that he will never be the King that Duncan was, he can see that the honor he receives is merely from the mouth and not from the heart. To show the different views from each scene I would present them similar to each other, as this would allow the audience to compare and make a connection between the scenes more clearly. In act 1 scene 4 I would arrange the characters in order to show their status. I would place Duncan in center stage and make sure that he is the main focus. In order to enhance this idea his position on stage must be raised above others. I would have his loyal accompanists by his side. By doing this it would create the sense that Duncan is a man of high status and respected and honored as a King. To create a connection between the two scenes I would place Macbeth in the same position as Duncan in act 5 scene 3. Duncans reaction to the betrayal and sentenced execution to the once loyal Thane of Cawdor should be very calm. He could also show a slight sadness by shedding a tear, this would show the audience that Duncan is shocked and upset by the acts of mistrust. Macbeth is faced with a similar situation in which could endanger his position as King, I would make him react violently and irritated. To create an obvious link between the tow scenes I would use a large throne as a distinctive prop. This throne would be grand and covered in red velvet. In act 1 scene 4 I would have Duncan using this throne in a proper manner, sitting up straight and proudly, where as I would have Macbeth slouching with one leg on an armrest. By using this prop it would display their differences in Kingship. In act 1 scene 4 Macbeth displays his loyalty towards Duncan by crying out O worthiest cousin! as Macbeth and Banquo approach. As he says this line I would make him have his arms wide open reaching out towards Macbeth. In line 31 Duncan says let me infold thee and hold thee to my heart. On this line I would make Macbeth kneel down and kiss Duncans ring. Rings were worn by Kings as symbols of their positions. Kissing this ring would show Macbeths respect towards Duncan. In part 3 of act 5, line 11, a servant informs Macbeth about the English armys approach towards the castle. Macbeth is worried, he shows great disrespect towards the servant by addressing to him with thou cream-facd loon. Whilst Macbeth says this line I would make him use violence towards the servant, hitting or shaking him. This would show an evil and uncaring King that is simply using his status to place himself above everyone else. Towards the end of this scene a doctor talks to Macbeth about the condition of his wife. Macbeth looks down to the doctor even though the doctor knows more about his wife than he does. Macbeth often reassures himself by referring back to the witches prophecies, while he does this I would have him pacing back and forth. The witches never told Macbeth what to do; they simply predicted the future and left it in the hands of Macbeth. This raises the idea that Macbeth might not have been King if he did not kill Duncan, or he could have become King at a later date from the natural death of Duncan. Dressing both of the Kings in each scene differently can compare their differences in personality. I would dress Duncan in a large pure white robe to show his clear conscience. I would also adorn him with gold jewelry to display his high status. Macbeth would be dressed very differently; I would have him in more common clothing in the colour black. This black would show the evil hidden within him. This evil side is suggested when Lady Macbeth describes Macbeth as looking like the innocent yet being the serpent under. By using different lighting I would be able to display what the Kings are feeling in each scene. In act 1 scene 4 I would use an orange light, this would create a feeling of warmth, as Duncan is kind, caring and in great company. In act 5 scene 3 I would have a blue light, this will give the scene a cold, empty and negative feel. All of these stage techniques would enable the audience to compare and contrast the two scenes of Kingship. If these were not used it would make the story harder to understand, hidden within Shakespeares script. In both of these scenes the Kings received high amounts of respect whether it was truly from the heart or falsely from the mouth. Macbeth was seen to be simply an unfit King by those who knew him closely as apposed to a bad King. This is because in the Jacobean period, whomever becomes King, has been elected by God, God being the top of the Great Chain of Beings. Back then Gods opinion meant everything, and could fix peoples opinion on a bad King.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Literature Survey on Project Cost Management

Literature Survey on Project Cost Management Introduction to coursework Introduction of Literature Survey Literature survey is a surface level of literature review, which typically a major part of the introduction of a research paper. The literature survey can be defined as the process of analyzing, summarizing, organizing, and presenting novel conclusions from the result of technical review based on scholarly articles that has been published (Espanta, 2013). By doing the literature survey it will help the researcher to identify their research topic. Literature survey is the way how the researchers make their research. According to Oxford Dictionaries, research means the systematic investigation into and review of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions. Most of the researchers define that the literature review is a collection of summaries of papers or an elaborated annotated bibliography of multiple research manuscripts. Other than that, a quotation from Levy and Ellis (2006) said that literature survey is the use of ideas in the literature in order to justify the particular approach to the topic, the selection of methods, and demonstration that this research contributes something new. In this case, project cost management is the topic of my literature survey and as a sub-topic in project management. It is important for me to view literature which is appropriate to my topic and at the same time will help me to know and learned about project cost and why it is important in project management. Objective of Literature Survey The purpose of the literature survey is to draw on and critique previous studies in an orderly, precise and logical manner (Coughlan, 2013). Most of the literature survey is shown the research fits in the existing knowledge that helping the researcher to understand the topic of the survey, the strength and the weaknesses of the research. Besides that, the reason why we do the literature survey is to substantiating the problems from the previous research which related to what is needed to be known. Other than that, some of the problems in the research paper are not totally solved by the researcher due to the lack of information and sources from the participant. Because of that, a good literature survey will help to extract and evaluate the issues that have emerged from previous work in order to overcome the problems. The objective of literature survey in the project management subject is to analyze and identify the previous work on project cost management in order to produce a summary of the knowledge on this topic. Once an initial overview has been done, it is necessary to critique and framing the new research methodologies, approach, goals, and research questions for the proposed survey of this topic. Approach of Literature Survey Before starting the literature survey, we need to determine the types of approaches that we want to use in our study. There are two approaches in the literature survey which is quantitative and qualitative studies. Quantitative research studies are usually driven by the context of previous knowledge, with specific research questions in mind based on conducting a broad literature review before data collection commences (Coughlan, 2013). While the qualitative studies is typically adopt a less structured approach to do a literature review at the outset (Coughlan, 2013). To get a broad of information about research question or topic of interest, we must be honest in using the input based on data that has been collected. This approach is more focusing on emerging of the data rather than pre-existing knowledge. The approach that I will use in this literature survey is more quantitative studies. Quantitative studies are easier and faster compared to qualitative studies where need a lot of time to complete the task. By summarizing, comparing and contrasting the findings of the previous task, and offering new idea is much easier to evaluate rather than describe it. Discussion of the selected review topic: Introduction of project cost management Almost all the projects that have been planned by an organization need to be guided properly in order to receive the expected output and can achieve the goals at the end of the project. In project management there are has of triple constraint that must be faced by the project team especially project manager. The three constraints in project management are scope goal, cost goal, and time goal. The control of various costs is a very important task for any project where the project manager needs to oversee. The project managers is the person that is striving to meet the triple constraint by balancing these three goals in order to meet the project goals. In this literature survey is more focusing on the topic of project cost management. Oxford Business English Dictionary defines costs as an amount of money that we need in order to buy, make or do something. Other than that, in the accounting field, cost is the large amount money that a company need to pay, which affects its financial results. As we know, money is a resource that we need and used to achieve a specific objective. Because of that, it is important for project managers to understand clearly about project cost management in order to achieve the budget goals. Project cost management includes the process required to ensure that a project team finish the project within an approved budget (Schwalbe, 2011). The most responsible person in project team is project managers because he or she need to ensure that their projects are well managed, have accurate time and cost estimates, and have a realistic budget which has been approved. According to Project Management Professional (PMP), a successful project manager must be able to plan, predict a budget, and control the costs of a project. Project cost control state that the effectiveness of project management depends on the project manager itself. If the project manager fails to manage this aspect, it can be difficult to handle because the project manager would essentially determine whether can or not the organization make a profit or face a loss. A factor that is common in Project Cost Management Project Resources The common factors that have been discussed on project cost management is project resources. This is because all the project resources involve the cost in project management. Thats why project resources need to be pointed in order to complete each project. Resources is most important things to be considered in project management as a part of the planning process where the project manager must determine what resources are needed. To complete the project all the resources are required is such as labor, materials, supplies, equipment, and contingency and escalation. (Source: Project Management Professional) The project manager needs to consider with internal and external resource in organizations, the capacity, and demand while planning the resources. Besides that, the project manager also must know what resource utilization, realization, and profitability for the project. At the same time, the project manager needs to identify on how each resource is utilized on the project, program, or business area. Because of that, resource planning is the first aspects that the project manager needs to handle in order to complete the project. A factor that is similar in Project Cost Management Project cost management process The financial and human resources that are required in cost management in order to complete a project within an approved budget. Cost management can be defined as the application of management accounting concepts, methods of data collection, analysis and presentation in order to cater the information needed to plan, monitor and control costs (Frank, 2011). According to Frank, Schwalbe, Richard, and Mohammad, there are three processes in project cost management that are used by them and which described in the PMBOK Guide: Estimate costs The first steps in cost management is to estimate the costs of human resources and physical resources for each activity in the project. Cost estimating can be defined as a process of calculating all the resources costs that involved in the project work. The main outputs of the cost estimating process are activity cost estimates, basis of estimates, and project document updates (Schwalbe, 2011). This step often occurs in the planning phase and it is important for project managers to understand the estimated cost of each activity. Determine budget The next step in project cost management is to create a realistic project budget. In the project budgeting process, the main outputs is cost performance baseline, project funding requirement and project document updates. The process of determining the budget should involve the overall cost estimates to individual work items for establishing a baseline for measuring performance. A good project budget will help the project manager to make decisions based on the schedule and resource allocation. Control costs The last process in project cost management is controlling the costs. Controlling costs is a process to control the changes of the project budget. The project manager needs to regularly monitor and measure the performance of the budget and revise forecasts as required for effective cost controls. The main output at the end of the cost control process are work performance measurements, budget forecasts, organizational process asset updates, change requests, project management plan updates, and project document updates. A factor that is difference in Project Cost Management Resource Planning The use of resource planning is to identify all of the required resources in the project. It is very important in project management because it will help the project manager to examining the project work and determining what are the resources, people, and equipment are needed to complete the project. Besides that, resource planning also are used to identify the expected quantity of the needed resources so the predicted cost can be calculated. Based on the survey that has been done some of the survey stated different item in resource planning. According to Richard, he stated that the resource planning inputs is consist of six that are enterprise environmental factors, organizational process assets, activity attributes, resource availability, and project management plan. The tools and technique that are used are expert judgment, alternative analysis, published estimate data, project management software, and bottom-up estimate. Finally, the output to resource planning resource requirements, activity attributes update, resource breakdown structure (WBS), resource calendar update, and requested changes. (Source: Richard) Based on Project Management Professional (PMP), the input to resource planning consist of six, which is work breakdown structure (WBS), historical information, scope statement, resource pool description, organizational policies, and activity duration estimates. The tool and techniques that are used is based on expert judgment, alternative identification, and project management software. And resource requirement is the output of this resource planning. (Source: Project Management Professional) A factor that is unique in Project Cost Management Costs Control Techniques Based on a survey that has been done, there are several of the valuable and primary techniques used in order to get an efficiency and effectiveness of project cost control: Planning the Project Budget The project manager needs to convince when make a budget at the beginning of the planning session with regard to the project resources. By planning the budget, it will help the project manager to identify all payments that need to be made and costs that will occur during the project life cycle. Keeping a Track of Costs The second technique is keeping track of all actual costs to prepare a budget based on time. This technique will help the project manager to detect all the budget of a project in each of its phases. Besides that, it will be easier for the project manager to work with the team members. Effective Time Management Effective time management technique is an important technique to be applied by the project manager because can help to remind the project team of the deadlines of the project in order to make sure that the project is completed on time. Project Change Control By having the project change control system, it can help to find any possible changes that could happen during the project. Use of Earned Value Earned value is the accounting technique that helpful for large projects in any quick change. Conclusion Project cost management is a traditionally weak area of IT projects, and project managers must work to their ability to convey the projects within approved budgets (Schwalbe, 2011). The aim of a cost management system is to assign direct costs and allocated indirect costs to products and services (Frank, 2011). Based on the survey that has been done by the researcher, most of the topics that discussed in project cost management is quite similar and interrelated. For example, the importance of project cost, and the basic project cost management principle, concept, and terms. Besides that, all the research has stated that the project manager is an important and responsible person in project teams. To be a project manager, we must acknowledge the importance of cost management and take responsibility for understanding basic concepts, cost estimating, budgeting, and cost control. If we have the ability in all this aspect so that we can be a project manager. As a conclusion, this literature survey has provided a comprehensive picture of the knowledge relates to my topic which is project cost management. It also helps me with provides justification for the proposed research by right information. In addition, a good review will interpret and critically obtain the pertinent findings and issues that have emerged from previous work. Therefore, the literature survey needs to be done in the context of all information related to my topic. At the same time, it can help me to encourage and create new ideas by highlighting inconsistencies in current knowledge. References Coughlan, M. (2013). What is a literature review?. Retrieved March 29, 2014, from http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/55172_Coughlan.pdf Espanta. (2013). Literature review versus literature survey. What is the difference?. Retrieved March 29, 2014, from http://academia.stackexchange.com /15080/literature-review-versus-literature-survey-what-is-the-difference. Frank, H. M. (2011). Public sector cost management practices in the Netherlands. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 24(6), 492-506. Levy, Y. and Ellis, T. J. (2006). A systems approach to conduct an effective literature review in support of information system research. Informing Science Journal, (9), 181-212. Mohammad A. Rajabi. Chapter 7: Project Cost Management (PMBOK Guide). Retrieved April 4, 2014, from http://www.marajabi.com/PMBOK/Chapter07. pdf Parkinson,D., Noble,J. (2005). Oxford business English dictionary: For learners of English. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. Project cost control. Retrieved April 1, 2014, from http://www.tutorialspoint.com/ management_concepts/project_cost_control.htm Project management professional (PMP): 7 Introducing Project Cost Management. Retrieved April 3, 2014, from http://www.euroi.ktu.lt/lt/images/stories/ Paskaitos/ch07.pdf Research: Definition of research in Oxford dictionary (British World English). (n.d.). RetrievedMarch27, 2014, from http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/ definition/english/research Richard, B. Project cost management. RetrievedApril4, 2014, from http://www2. parkland.edu/businesstraining/documents/CostMgmt_000.pdf Schwalbe,K (2011). Managing Information technology projects. (6thed.). Cambridge, Ma: Course Technology.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Chicago’s Brownfield Initiative to Reclaim Urban Sprawl and Economic Re

Chicago’s Brownfield Initiative to Reclaim Urban Sprawl and Economic Resources Introduction Brownfields are abandoned, idled or underused industrial and commercial properties where expansion or redevelopment is complicated by real or perceived contamination. In 1993, representatives from the Chicago Departments of Environment, Planning and Development, Buildings, Law, and the Mayor Office came together to develop a strategy for promoting cleanup and redevelopment of the City’s brownfields. The city developed a three- pronged initiative based on this strategy. This paper will focus on Chicago’s efforts to reclaim urban sprawl and return the city’s abandoned or underused properties to productive use. Background information will be provided as well as the issues that concerned the development and an analysis of the procedures, the policies utilized and the outcome. Background Two miles west of the Loop, many of Chicago's communities have devolved into crumbled cement and poverty. Major streets are both populated with teenagers, clusters of children moving with care, fast food joints and liquor stores and abandoned buildings. There is virtually no economic development in these communities. Tucked between these grid points of workaday urban blight are the vestiges of a once vibrant west side. However, this vision has been replaced and now stands factories and buildings that have been long neglected by owners or simply abandoned. These properties have come to be known as "brownfields," their smoked glass windows concealing potential environmental disaster. The new caretakers are homeless squatters, who relentlessly tear the buildings to pieces. Ragged demolition crews, pushing stolen shopping carts, are constantly in t... ...wnfield issues. Sources Cited: Bartsch. Charles. "Financing Brownfield Cleanup and Redevelopment:. 22 March 2001. www.nemw.org/brownfin.htm Sustain The Environmental Information Group. Beyond Sprawl-Chicago Area Land Use Guide. 22 March 2001. www.sustainusa.org/landuseguide/3economics.html United States Environmental Protection Agency. Brownfields Showcase Community. Washington, DC. Nov. 1998. www.epa.gov/brownfields/ United States Environmental Protection Agency. Brownfields Supplemental Assistance. Washington, DC. April 2000. www.epa.gov/brownfields/ United States Environmental Protection Agency. Regional Brownfields Assessment Pilot. Washington, DC April 1997. www.epa.gov/brownfields/ Williams, Drew. "Brwonfields: Chicago starts Reclaiming Its Urban Sprawl". 22 March 2001. www.pollutionengineering.com/archives/1996/pol0601.96/06reprot.htm

The Theme of Love Essay -- Love Poetry Literature Essays

The Theme of Love â€Å"Romantic love, physical love, unrequited love, obsessive love.† Compare the ways the poets have written about the theme of love, bringing out different aspects of it. In the six poems I have studied, I see a wide range of different types of love mentioned. I will be looking at 3 poems in depth. These are: â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover†, written by Robert Browning, â€Å"My Last Duchess†, written by the Duke of Ferrara and â€Å"To His Coy Mistress†, written by Andrew Marvell. When it comes to romantic love, â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† contains some elements of it. â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† also includes aspects of physical love. When it comes to unrequited love, â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† and â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† hold a large scale in them. â€Å"My Last Duchess† also includes shades of unrequited love. â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† and â€Å"My Last Duchess† contain features of obsessive love. In my essay, I would like to pay particular attention to unrequited love because it shows how the women in the poems are seen as a possession, which the men must rightfully have. I will also look at aspects of obsessive love. â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† is not generally positioned in this type of love as the poem does not really contain obsessive love, but in my opinion it can be placed in the category as the speaker is pressuring the girl into having sex with him and he wants her to sleep with him now. He is being seen as obsessive and wanting things his way, immediately. This can be seen when he says: â€Å"HAD we but world enough, and time†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This shows that time is short and wasting away. This quote is important as it is a powerful opening, stressing the impact of time upon them. I will first compare â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† and â€Å"My Last Duchess... ...it just for pleasure? The narrator is transparent in what he wants. He only wants his mistress for sex and pleasure. The poem starts with the pronoun â€Å"we† but as the poem progresses, it starts to separate into individuals: â€Å"I† and â€Å"thou†. At the end, it turns back to â€Å"us†. The first stanza of the poem makes the reader think that it is a love poem, when really it is a lust poem. The narrator uses the images of fear and lost opportunity and time as a threat to the woman. The writers, in the poems that I have compared, bring out love in different ways. There are different tactics involved, which is what I think make all these poems unique and interesting to read. Each poem brings about different types of love. The poems all try to get the women they think they rightfully deserve, except for â€Å"My Last Duchess† where he is obsessive about his woman.

Friday, July 19, 2019

DNA :: Deoxyribonucleic Acid essays research papers

DNA DNA, or Deoxyribonucleic Acid, is described, in Encarta Encyclopedia as a genetic material of all cellular organisms and most viruses. DNA carries the information needed to direct protein synthesis and replication. Protein synthesis is the production of the proteins needed by the cell or virus for its activities and development. Replication is the process by which DNA copies itself for each descendant cell or virus, passing on the information needed for protein synthesis. In most cellular organisms, DNA is organized on chromosomes located in the nucleus of the cell. A molecule of DNA consists of two chains, strands composed of a large number of nucleotides, that are linked together to form a chain. These chains look like a twisted ladder and are called a double helix. Each nucleotide consists of three units: sugar molecules called deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and one of four different nitrogen containing compounds, also called bases. The four are adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), and cytosine (C). The deoxyribose molecule occupies the center of the nucleotide, with the phosphate group on one side and a base on the other. The phosphate group of each nucleotide is also linked to the deoxyribose of the adjacent nucleotide in the chain. These linked deoxyribose-phosphate subunits form the side rails of the ladder. The bases face inward toward each other, forming the steps of the ladder. The nucleotides in one DNA strand have a specific association with the corresponding nucleotides in the other DNA strand. Because of the chemical affinity of the bases, nucleotides containing adenine are always paired with nucleotides containing thymine, and nucleotides containing cytosine are always paired with nucleotides containing guanine. The complementary bases are joined to each other by weak chemical bonds called hydrogen bonds. DNA carries the instructions for the production of proteins. A protein is composed of smaller molecules called amino acids, and the structure and function of the protein is determined by the sequence of its amino acids. The sequence of amino acids, in turn, is determined by the sequence of nucleotide bases in the DNA. A sequence of three nucleotide bases, called a triplet, is the genetic code word, or codon, that specifies a particular amino acid. For instance, the triplet GAC (guanine, adenine, and cytosine) is the codon for the amino acid leucine, and the triplet CAG (cytosine, adenine, and guanine) is the codon for the amino acid valine.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Explanation of the research proposal Essay

# central research question: Research questions steer the student’s research, and the central research question should reflect the subject of research in a concise way. # theoretical (desk) research questions: Questions should reflect relevant theoretical concepts that apply to the topic under research by the student, i.e. from marketing, finance, business environment. The theoretical framework should be taken into account when formulating theoretical research questions. New theories will receive extra points! Students can improve the structure and categorize the questions under themes (categories), such as: * Strategic management (Competitive Grid, BCG, Ansoff, Abel, 5-forces, competitive strategy, PLC, PEST, SWOT, etc), * Marketing (4Ps, positioning, targeting, branding, CRM, branding, etc). * Operations & SCM (process strategy, SCM, inventory management, lean systems, forecast & demand driven systems, resource planning , and others). * International business (FDI, strategy & organization of int’l business, entry models, barriers to trade, etc). * Finance & accounting. The choice of topics also depends on how broad or narrow the student wants the research topic to be. # empirical (field) research questions: Students should think about what they want to find out by doing field research, and formulate research questions about these issues. They will need to identify the populations that they want to research and formulate research questions for each of these populations. One way to structure empirical research questions is using the research populations at categories. What is it you want to learn from these populations? But, formulate research questions, not questionnaire or interview questions! Research objectives: Objectives should reflect briefly what the student wants to achieve by the research project. Philosophy: Interpretivism – the view that all knowledge is a matter of interpretation. From the book: â€Å"A People’s History of the United States†, Howard Zinn: â€Å"But there is no such thing as a pure fact, innocent of interpretation. Behind every fact presented to the world – by a teacher, a writer, anyone – is a judgment. The judgment that has been made is that this fact is important, and that other facts, omitted, are not important.† * Positivism: 1 + 1 = 2 * Interpretivism: 1 + 1 = 3 # research approach: deductive/inductive: * Deductive is applying theories in desk research; * Inductive is developing theories, or new insights, by doing field research. # cross-sectional/longitudinal/exploratory/ descriptive/explanatory studies. * Cross-sectional means studying the here and now. * Longitudinal means studying developments over time by doing * exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory studies. Research strategy # Desk research: * Theoretical research questions drive desk-research. * IP-8 is an academic assignment and presenting issues in a theoretical context is a requirement. * IP-8 requires students to apply theories and models to a ‘real life’ business problem and to organize proprietary original field research. * Desk-research Desk research is done to answer the theoretical research questions and includes selecting and studying the theories and information relevant to the research topic. Students should explain how they will collect quantitative and qualitative data by doing internet, database and literature research. # quantitative secondary data: examples of texts, authors should be given. * # qualitative secondary data: Specific sources should be presented. * # internet research: Specific sources should be presented. Use of school databases is expected. * # literature research: Use of school library sources is expected. * Theoretical framework * Area – field – topic: when selecting the theories that apply to the research topic, students will describe the theoretical framework of their research topic. In the theoretical framework allows students to broaden or narrow down their subject of research. * # The area is the broader context, such as strategic management, marketing, finance, or logistics; * # The field is more narrow, such as for example competitive strategy, customer service, flow strategies of production and distribution, financial performance measurement, etc, depending on the topic of research. * # The topic is usually the central research question. * # primary – secondary – tertiary sources of secondary data: Specific sources should be presented. * # secondary data: document/survey based (CBS): Specific sources should be presented. * # referencing method: IBMS referencing method should be used. Field-research Empirical research questions drive field-research. # case-study: When students work with a sponsor, the research is often called a case study, because they do research that applies to a particular case, the sponsor. The sponsor company provides access to empirical data. # research populations: sampling frames: Students should do the following when they organize their field research: # formulate empirical research questions that will be answered by doing field research, # choose the research populations that can answer these questions, and possibly get a sampling frame (a list with names or items in the population), # select the research methods (interviews, surveys, observations) for each of the research populations that will be used to extract the information, # then select the sampling method (probability, or non-probability sampling) for each of the research populations. # observations/interviews/survey with questionnaires: Student should explain briefly why methods are chosen for each of the research populations. Sampling method for each of the research populations: # probability sampling (simple-random/ systematic/stratified-random/cluster sampling): Student should explain briefly which sampling methods have been chosen for each of the research populations and why. # non-probability sampling (quota/purposive/ snowball/self-selecting/convenience sampling): Student should explain briefly which sampling methods have been chosen for each of the research populations and why. # sample size: Student should explain why sample sizes haven been set, and how. # reliability/validity: Student should reflect on the consistency and representativeness of potential findings from the research populations that have been identified, and the truthfulness of potential findings. Empirical framework # environment of field research: Sponsor company provides access to empirical data. Student should briefly describe the environment of their field research, the sponsor company, and the research populations. # research populations (sources of primary data): Students describe the research populations of their field research which may consist of the sponsor company, representatives of departments, experts, customers, suppliers, competitors, etc. In the empirical framework more detailed information is provided about the research methods, observations, the type of the interviews and the questionnaires used in the survey (if applicable), and the type of data that is expected to be collected. Note: There is redundancy in some of the issues presented in the checklist under field research, research populations, sampling, and empirical environment. Students may refer to earlier parts. # observations: Observation is systematically observing people and/or processes. Observation might be an option for students doing a case study, but is often difficult to organize. # interviews: fully structured/semi-structured/ unstructured: Student should provide details about the type of interviews for each of the research populations. # surveys: self-administered/ interviewer administered questionnaires: Student should provide details about the type of surveys for each of the research populations. # opinion/behavior/attribute data: Student should provide details about the types of data will be collected from each of the research populations. Time table: Is time-table realistic and meeting deadlines?

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Chris maccandless

Tramping is too easy with tout ensemble this bullion. My days were more exciting when I was penniless(prenominal) and had to forage around for my bordering meal Ive decided that Im going to live this life for some time to come. The emancipation and simple beauty of it is Just too good to pass up. -Christopher Mishandles Currency does corrupt, its standardized having power. specie is something which mess can do crazy things. The desire of cash allow for certainly change people, or non having enough money go out let some individuals be victim of crime.Its in truth difficult to agnize whether that person will handle the change in a positive manner. The greed and the ignorance can lay the relationships from within even if its your parents or beat out friends in which the outcomes will be irreparable. Money is power, which people want for themselves. The desire for money is a never ending spark and most individuals will do anything for this control. When people come in to some money, they belief superior, more powerful and above the backup man of the other people that engender less . Hey start hanging in crowds with the uniform level of income, so they feel better. I had a friend who once chat all the time, play together and hangout. When she got older, her family came in to money big time. Now she doesnt bubble to me, and never does anything with me. A ND I never get invited to her birthday parties only if the people who had a lot of money like her were invited. The society and currency is en thing that drew Chris and his father outside from each there.Chris donated $25,000 to charity abandoned his railcar which was one of his possessions. Chris hated money when he brunt his cash, he was showing that he didnt align to society and was saying that money was deceitful thing. Money gives you a false and flitting sense of power, but when its gone, we realize what they have lost. Plaza add I dont know what else to write. Then send it back to m e and do u have parliaments email parcel out?

Events in bars and clubs Essay

A nonher source of competition is how an guinea pig may endure to source out its resources by sponsorship this means that the final result will be marketed to potentiality sponsors that will believe that the topic will progress to a signifi stick outt leverage to the comp any(prenominal)s own selling initiative. Hence, it is in any case important to stress to the potential sponsors the benefits of the event.This is discussed by Mack in which the causation pointed out that (25) sponsorship allows organizations to reach their target market with slight clutter than other communications methods, exposes the product/ proceeds directly to the market, and provides an transcendlent mechanism for the organization to infract back to the community by which it is supported. Event sponsorship, or sponsorship trade, refers to supporting various types of event ..Whether the type of sponsorship is financial, media, or in-kind support (Cicora 1991), the list of company benefits derive d from it can contrive from publicity, to product sales, image enhancement, or even amend employee morale (Decker 1991). In auxiliary to getting sponsors, companies that be about to hold an event should also prepargon into consideration its capabilities (Silvers). These include the ability to handle the involves of the event and the ability to have the resources.It is also important to have the ability to know how to handle various events for instance, a bar that may be holding a fundraising concert may be faced with divergent challenges if organising a battle-of-the-bands. As Silvers pointed, although the core processes of these two events are the same, it should be noted that one of the important elements in events management is the ability to handle the differences in the requirements of different events.All in all, the events management concept can be considered as an important marketing drill in which an establishment or company is able-bodied to communicate certain i nitiatives to the public (Soares). Hence, events serve as an attractor oddly if the company utilises popular impart such as concerts, dance events and exhibits,among others these venues fulfil the curiosity, the wants and postulate of the people which is why events continue to be shop at throughout time. Many enterprises venture into the nightlife sector by means of establishing bars and cabarets.As Chatterton and Hollands discussed, the demand for these establishments is that these have been a part of the urban adorn there is always the market among the youth, specifically the schoolboyish professionals, who are in search for the latest cool, chic, stylish bar or club (3). Because of this, it can be said that there is business in this industry, particularly with the continuous influence of the entertainment and leisure sector. The nightlife stroke which comprises of establishments such as bars and clubs can be also said to contri unlesse to the local tourism initiatives (Ch atteron & Holland).The achievement of any bar or club requires a significant understanding of the business especially in the aspect of strategy. Lawson provides many guidelines in the achiever of any club or bar including a good understanding on food assistant operations (which is a fundamental in any bar or club), the facilities, the design, the themes, and last but not the least, the business aspects. Lawson therefore emphasised the business mannikin of these bars and clubs which are heavy in the marketing practice this is because this is a means for companies to get customers into the establishment. exclude and clubs, therefore, do not just have to excel in the food service operations but also in its ability to add determine to its basic concept, and that is, to add event concepts to its entire operations. This is supercharge attested by Smith in which the creator mentioned that in order for bars and clubs to succeed, it needs to incessantly come up with something interes ting hence, in addition to food and drinks and the regular dance floor or in-house performer, it is the specific events that cook up these bars and clubs special.This is therefore a part not only in the marketing aspect of the bar and club but also these events suffice the customers to identify what else they can do in the establishment, or at least, have something to look off to (Smith, 75). Brown and Miron also mentioned the role of events in the success of any bar or nughtclub these fall in the aspect of marketing and advertising. When an event takes place, the tendency is that the event is supposed to pull more people into the establishment. Hence, events help in the increase in sales and to make the club and bar more memorable to the consumers.